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Aiding and Abetting/Accessory
A criminal charge of aiding and abetting or accessory can usually be brought against anyone who helps in the commission of a crime, though legal distinctions vary by state. A person charged with aiding and abetting or accessory is usually not present when the crime itself is committed, but he or she has knowledge of the crime before or after the fact, and may assist in its commission through advice, actions, or financial support. Depending on the degree of involvement, the offender's participation in the crime may rise to the level of conspiracy.
For example, Andy draws a floor plan of a bank, knowing of Dan's intention to rob it. After Dan commits the robbery, Alice agrees to let him store the stolen money at her house. Both Andy and Alice can be charged with aiding and abetting, or acting as accessories to the robbery.
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Maryland: Principals and Accessories: 1-301
Virginia: Principals and Acessories: Title 18.2 Chapter 2
Washington, DC: Accessories after the fact DC Code Section 22-1806
Persons advising, inciting, or conniving at criminal offense to be charged as principals DC Code Section 22-1805
APPLIES HERE>>>>>> Federal:Principals...Accessory After the Fact: 18 USC Secs. 2 to 3
Assault/Battery
In most states, an assault/battery is committed when one person 1) tries to or does physically strike another, or 2) acts in a threatening manner to put another in fear of immediate harm. Many states declare that a more serious or "aggravated" assault/battery occurs when one 1) tries to or does cause severe injury to another, or 2) causes injury through use of a deadly weapon. Historically, laws treated the threat of physical injury as "assault", and the completed act of physical contact or offensive touching as "battery," but many states no longer differentiate between the two.
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DC: Assault; Mayhem; Threats DC Code Sections 22-404 to 404.01
APPLIES HERE>>>>>> Federal: Assault 18 USC Chapter 7
Bribery
Bribery is the offer or acceptance of anything of value in exchange for influence on a government/public official or employee. Bribes can take the form of gifts or payments of money in exchange for favorable treatment, such as awards of government contracts. In most situations, both the person offering the bribe and the person accepting can be charged with bribery.
DC Bribery :
DC Code Sections 22-711 to 22-713
APPLIES HERE>>>>>>Federal: Bribery, graft, and conflicts of interest :
18 USC Chapter 11
Child Abuse
Child abuse is broadly defined in many states as any type of cruelty inflicted upon a child, including mental abuse, physical harm, neglect, and sexual abuse or exploitation. The specific crimes charged in instances of child abuse can include assault and battery. In many states, certain individuals and caregivers are required by law to report suspected child abuse.
See also: from FindLaw's Family Law Center Child Abuse
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DC Cruelty to children: Definition and penalty DC Code Section 22-1101
APPLIES HERE >>>>>>National Child Welfare Information Gateway Formerly the National Clearinghouse on Child Abuse and Neglect Information and the National Adoption Information Clearinghouse.
Child Pornography
Federal and state laws make it a crime to produce, possess, distribute, or sell pornographic materials that exploit or portray a minor. Increasingly, child pornography laws are being utilized to punish use of computer technology and the Internet to obtain, share, and distribute pornographic material involving children, including images and films.
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DC Sexual performance using minors DC Code Sections 22-3101 to 22-3104
APPLIES HERE>>>>>>Federal Sexual Exploitation and Other Abuse of Children 18 USC Chapter 110
Computer Crime
Computer crime laws in many states prohibit a person from performing certain acts without authorization, including 1) accessing a computer, system, or network; 2) modifying, damaging, using, disclosing, copying, or taking programs or data; 3) introducing a virus or other contaminant into a computer system; 4) using a computer in a scheme to defraud; 5) interfering with someone else’s computer access or use; 6) using encryption in aid of a crime; 7) falsifying e-mail source information; and 8) stealing an information service from a provider.
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DC
APPPLIES HERE >>>>>Federal: Fraud and related activity in connection with computers 18 USC Sec. 1030
Conspiracy
A criminal conspiracy exists when two or more people agree to commit almost any unlawful act, then take some action toward its completion. The action taken need not itself be a crime, but it must indicate that those involved in the conspiracy knew of the plan and intended to break the law. One person may be charged with and convicted of both conspiracy and the underlying crime based on the same circumstances.
For example, Andy, Dan, and Alice plan a bank robbery. They 1) visit the bank first to assess security, 2) pool their money and buy a gun together, and 3) write a demand letter. All three can be charged with conspiracy to commit robbery, regardless of whether the robbery itself is actually attempted or completed.
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DC Conspiracy to commit crime DC Code Section 22-1805a
APPLIES HERE>>>>>>Federal Conspiracy 18 USC Chapter 19
Credit / Debit Card Fraud
Credit/debit card fraud is committed when one person 1) fraudulently obtains, takes, signs, uses, sells, buys, or forges someone else's credit or debit card or card information; 2) uses his or her own card with the knowledge that it is revoked or expired or that the account lacks enough money to pay for the items charged; and 3) sells goods or services to someone else with knowledge that the credit or debit card being used was illegally obtained or is being used without authorization.
Disorderly Conduct
Almost every state has a disorderly conduct law that makes it a crime to be drunk in public, to "disturb the peace", or to loiter in certain areas. Many types of obnoxious or unruly conduct may fit the definition of disorderly conduct, as such statutes are often used as "catch-all" crimes. Police may use a disorderly conduct charge to keep the peace when a person is behaving in a disruptive manner, but presents no serious public danger.
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DC Disorderly Conduct DC Code Section 22-1321
Domestic Violence
Domestic violence refers to physical harm inflicted on one member of a household or family, by another member of the same household or family (usually between spouses). Domestic violence (sometimes called "spousal abuse") usually involves repetitive physical and psychological abuse, and a "cycle of violence". Specific crimes charged vary based on 1) severity of the victim's injuries, 2) whether a minor was present, and 3) whether a protective or restraining order was violated.
See also:
from FindLaw's Family Law Center Domestic Violence
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DC Intrafamily proceedings generally: Complaint of criminal conduct; referrals to Family Division. DC Code Section 16-1002
APPLIES HERE>>>>>>Federal Domestic violence and stalking 18 USC Chapter 110A
Drug Cultivation and Manufacturing : TO INCLUDE DRUG DEALS INVOLVING GROWTH OF CROPS IN AFGHANISTAN, Weapons of Mass Destruction in RUSSIA, INDIA
Drug cultivation and manufacturing laws make it a crime 1) to grow, produce, and possess certain plants and other naturally occurring elements used in the production of unlawful controlled substances, such as cannabis seeds and marijuana plants; or 2) to produce illegal controlled substances like cocaine, methamphetamine, LSD, and Ecstasy (MDMA), which require use of certain chemicals and laboratory equipment in their production. Federal and state drug cultivation laws vary according to drug type and the amount produced.
For example, during a legal search of Dan's apartment, police find cannabis seeds, high-powered lamps, and remnants of marijuana plants. Dan can be charged with violating drug cultivation and manufacturing laws.
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DC Controlled Substances Act: Offenses and Penalties DC Code Sections 48-904.01 to 48-904.10
APPLIES HERE: Federal Drug abuse prevention and control; offenses and penalties 21 USC Chapter 13, Part D
Drug Distribution/Trafficking
Drug distribution/trafficking laws penalize the selling, transportation, and illegal import into the United States of unlawful controlled substances such as marijuana, methamphetamine, cocaine, LSD, "club drugs," and heroin. Federal and state drug distribution/trafficking laws and punishments vary according to drug type, amount, geographic area of distribution, and whether minors were sold to or targeted. Drug distribution/trafficking laws can implicate a single individual or a broad ring of people involved in organized illegal drug activity.
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DC Controlled Substances Act: Offenses and Penalties DC Code Sections 48-904.01 to 48-904.10
APPLIES HERE>>>>>> Federal Drug abuse prevention and control; offenses and penalties 21 USC Chapter 13, Part D
Drug Possession
Federal and state drug possession laws make it a crime to willfully possess illegal controlled substances such as marijuana, methamphetamine, cocaine, LSD, "club drugs," and heroin. These laws also criminalize the possession of "precursor" chemicals used in drug cultivation and manufacturing, as well as certain accessories related to drug use. Drug possession laws vary according to drug type, amount, and geographic area of the offense. Possession of small quantities may be deemed "simple" possession, while possession of large amounts may result in a charge of presumed "possession with intent to distribute."
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DC Controlled Substances Act: Offenses and Penalties DC Code Sections 48-904.01 to 48-904.10
APPLIES HERE>>>>>> Federal Drug abuse prevention and control; offenses and penalties 21 USC Chapter 13, Part D
Embezzlement
Embezzlement is defined in most states as theft/larceny of assets (money or property) by a person in a position of trust or responsibility over those assets. Embezzlement typically occurs in the employment and corporate settings.
For example, while working as a bank manager, Dan alters customer deposit receipts and account information, then siphons bank money into his own pocket.
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DC Theft DC Code Section 22-3211
APPLIES HERE>>> Federal Embezzlement and theft 18 USC Chapter 31
Extortion: 1990 - 2006 Activity of TENDOWNING, SCHWARZENEGGER RECALL GOVERNOR AND BUSH FAMILY
Most states define extortion as the gaining of property or money by almost any kind of force, or threat of 1) violence, 2) property damage, 3) harm to reputation, or 4) unfavorable government action. While usually viewed as a form of theft/larceny, extortion differs from robbery in that the threat in question does not pose an imminent physical danger to the victim.
For example, Dan goes to Victor's place of business and demands monthly payment from Victor for the business's "protection" from vandalism and after-hours theft. Fearing that he or his business will suffer harm otherwise, Victor agrees to pay Dan.
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DC Extortion DC Code Section 22-3251
APPLIES HERE>>>>>>> Federal Extortion and threats18 USC Chapter 41
Indecent Exposure
Indecent exposure laws in most states make it a crime to purposefully display one's genitals in public, causing others to be alarmed or offended. Indecent exposure is often committed for the sexual gratification of the offender, and may reach the level of a sexual assault if any physical contact is made.
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DC Lewd, indecent, or obscene acts DC Code Section 22-1312
Identity Theft
Identity theft laws in most states make it a crime to misuse another person's identifying information -- whether personal or financial. Such data (including social security numbers, credit history, and PIN numbers) is often acquired through 1) the offender's unlawful access to information from government and financial entities, or 2) lost or stolen mail, wallets and purses, identification, and credit or debit cards.
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APPLIES HERE>>>>>> Federal Fraud and related activity in connection with identification documents and information 18 USC Sec. 1028
Insurance Fraud: September 11, 2001, Katrina of New Orleans, Tsunami Dammage, Kidnapping
Insurance fraud occurs most often when an insured individual or entity makes a false or exaggerated insurance claim, seeking compensation for injuries or losses that were not actually suffered. Insurance fraud can also be committed upon customers, through 1) the sale of unlicensed or bogus insurance coverage to unsuspecting clients, or 2) an insurance broker or agent's diversion or theft of insurance premiums paid by clients.
Learn About the Law
DC Insurance Fraud DC Code Sections 22-3225.01 to 22-3225.13
APPLIES HERE>>>>>Federal Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Transactions ... Loan and credit applications generally; renewals and discounts; crop insurance ... Crimes By Or Affecting Persons Engaged In The Business Of Insurance Whose Activities Affect Interstate Commerce ... False statements relating to health care matters 18 USC Secs. 1007, 1014, 1033, 1035
Kidnapping
Under federal and state law, kidnapping is commonly defined as the taking of a person from one place to another against his or her will, or the confining of a person to a controlled space. Some kidnapping laws require that the taking or confining be for an unlawful purpose, such as extortion or the facilitation of a crime. A parent without legal custody rights may be charged with kidnapping for taking his or her own child, in certain circumstances.
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DC Kidnapping: Definition and penalty; conspiracy DC Code Section 22-2001
APPLIES HERE>>>>>> Federal Kidnapping 18 USC Chapter 55
Manslaughter: Involuntary, Representative Mink, Lacey Peterson, John Bennet Ramsey
Involuntary manslaughter usually refers to an unintentional killing that results from recklessness or criminal negligence, or from an unlawful act that is a misdemeanor or low-level felony (such as DUI). The usual distinction from voluntary manslaughter is that involuntary manslaughter (sometimes called "criminally negligent homicide") is a crime in which the victim's death is unintended.
For example, Dan comes home to find his wife in bed with Victor. Distraught, Dan heads to a local bar to drown his sorrows. After having five drinks, Dan jumps into his car and drives down the street at twice the posted speed limit, accidentally hitting and killing a pedestrian.
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DCMurder; Manslaughter DC Code Sections 22-2101 to 22-2106
APPLIES HERE>>>>>>> Federal Homicide 18 USC Chapter 51
Manslaughter: Voluntary
Voluntary manslaughter is commonly defined as an intentional killing in which the offender had no prior intent to kill, such as a killing that occurs in the "heat of passion." The circumstances leading to the killing must be the kind that would cause a reasonable person to become emotionally or mentally disturbed; otherwise, the killing may be charged as a first-degree or second-degree murder.
For example, Dan comes home to find his wife in bed with Victor. In the heat of the moment, Dan picks up a golf club from next to the bed and strikes Victor in the head, killing him instantly.
Learn About the Law
DC Murder; Manslaughter DC Code Sections 22-2101 to 22-2106
APPLIES HERE>>>>>>> Federal Homicide 18 USC Chapter 51
Money Laundering, Pre-Arranged Drug Swaps
Money laundering statutes make it a crime to transfer money derived from almost any criminal activity (including organized crime, white-collar offenses, and drug transactions) into seemingly legitimate channels, in an attempt to disguise the origin of the funds.
Learn About the Law
APPLIES HERE>>>>>>> Federal Laundering of monetary instruments 18 USC Sec. 1956
Murder: First Degree
In most states, first-degree murder is defined as an unlawful killing that is both willful and premeditated, meaning that it was committed after planning or "lying in wait" for the victim.
For example, Dan comes home to find his wife in bed with Victor. Three days later, Dan waits behind a tree near Victor's front door. When Victor comes out of the house, Dan shoots and kills him.
Most states also adhere to a legal concept known as the "felony murder rule," under which a person commits first-degree murder if any death (even an accidental one) results from the commission of certain violent felonies -- usually arson, burglary, kidnapping, rape, and robbery.
For example, Dan and Connie rob Victor's liquor store, but as they are fleeing, Victor shoots and kills Dan. Under the felony murder rule, Connie can be charged with first-degree murder for Dan's death.
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DC Murder; Manslaughter DC Code Sections 22-2101 to 22-2106
APPLIES HERE>>>>>> Federal Homicide 18 USC Chapter 51
Murder: Second degree
Second-degree murder is ordinarily defined as 1) an intentional killing that is not premeditated or planned, nor committed in a reasonable "heat of passion" or 2) a killing caused by dangerous conduct and the offender's obvious lack of concern for human life. Second-degree murder may best be viewed as the middle ground between first-degree murder and voluntary manslaughter.
For example, Dan comes home to find his wife in bed with Victor. At a stoplight the next day, Dan sees Victor riding in the passenger seat of a nearby car. Dan pulls out a gun and fires three shots into the car, missing Victor but killing the driver of the car.
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DC Murder; Manslaughter DC Code Sections 22-2101 to 22-2106
APPLIES HERE>>>>>>Federal Homicide 18 USC Chapter 51
Prostitution
Prostitution laws make it a crime in most states to offer, agree to, or engage in a sexual act for compensation. Depending upon applicable state law, the stages of a typical prostitution "transaction" can involve charges against the provider of services (for "prostitution"), the customer paying for the services (for "solicitation of prostitution"), and any middleman (for "pandering" or "pimping").
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DCProstitution; Pandering DC Code Sections 22-2701 to 22-2723
APPLIES HERE>>>>>> Federal Prostitution near military and naval establishments 18 USC Sec. 1384
Pyramid Schemes: Related to intent to claim Rule of Life on Earth, Creation of Life on Earth
Pyramid schemes are a criminal form of investment fraud in which a large return on a small amount of money is promised, if the initial investor convinces new recruits to invest their own money in turn. The "pyramid" is built on the belief that others will continue to add their own money into the scheme. But once additional investors become scarce, the pyramid collapses and large amounts of money can be lost. Increasingly, pyramid schemes are conducted via the Internet and e-mail.
Maryland Pyramid promotional schemes 8-404
VA Pyramid promotional schemes; misdemeanor; definitions; contracts void Sections 18.2-239 to 18.2-240
California Lotteries Penal Code Section 327
Texas Pyramid Promotional Scheme Business & Commerce Title 2 Chapter 17 Section 17.461
Illinois Promotion of pyramid sales schemes 720 ILCS 5/17-7
Florida Chain letters, pyramid clubs, etc., declared a lottery; prohibited; penalties 849.091
Massechusetts Plans under which purchasers agree to obtain more purchasers Chapter 271, Section 6A
Racketeering/RICO, includes United States Government fraud-based Insurance and Financial Instrument
Federal and state racketeering, profiteering, and RICO (Racketeer-Influenced and Corrupt Organization) laws make it illegal for criminal organizations to profit from any legitimate business operations. Many of these laws allow for the confiscation and seizure of the criminal organization's legitimate enterprise assets, and are typically used against known "organized crime" groups. The goal is to cripple the operation financially, and cut off sources of cash that support ongoing criminal activity.
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APPLIES HERE>>>>>>> Federal Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act 18 USC Chapter 96
Rape, Includes electronic participation in physical molestation, the golfing glove,
The crime of rape (or "first-degree sexual assault" in some states) generally refers to non-consensual sexual intercourse that is committed by physical force, threat of injury, or other duress. A lack of consent can include the victim's inability to say "no" to intercourse, due to the effects of drugs or alcohol. Rape can occur when the offender and victim have a pre-existing relationship (sometimes called "date rape"), or even when the offender is the victim's spouse.
Under a variation known as "statutory rape," some states make it unlawful for an adult to engage in sexual intercourse with a person who has not reached the age of consent (usually 18 years of age).
DC Sex offenses DC Code Sections 22-3002 to 22-3020
APPLIES HERE>>>>>> Federal Sexual Abuse 18 USC Chapter 109A
Robbery
Many states define robbery as theft/larceny of property or money through the offender's use of physical force or fear against a victim. Where a deadly weapon such as a gun is used or the victim suffers injury, the robbery may be charged as "armed" or "aggravated." Unlike burglary, the crime of robbery almost always requires the presence of a victim who suffers actual injury, or is threatened with harm.
For example, Dan approaches Victor from behind, demanding Victor's wallet while pressing a hard object into his back. Fearing that Dan has a gun, Victor gives up his wallet. If Dan did use a gun, or if Victor suffered an injury, the charge would likely be elevated to "armed" or "aggravated" robbery. Extortion
Learn About the Law
DC Robbery DC Code Sections 22-2801 to 22-2803
APPLIES HERE>>>>>>Federal Robbery and burglary 18 USC Chapter 103
Securities Fraud
Securities fraud can be committed when 1) a corporate officer or director makes a material misrepresentation, withholding, or distortion related to stock information (usually pertaining to value), 2) an officer or director unlawfully discloses confidential information related to a stock, and 3) an individual or entity acts upon the unlawful disclosure of certain confidential stock information.
Securities fraud is usually governed by both federal and state law, and legal action can be initiated by private investors, or by a government agency such as the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
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DC Securities: Fraudulent and Other Prohibited Practices; Enforcement, Criminal, and Civil Liability DC Code Sections 31-5605.01 to 31-5606.04
APPLIES HERE>>>>>>Federal Securities Exchange Act of 1934 15 USC Chapter 2B
Securities Act of 1933 15 USC Chapter 2A
Sexual Assault
Specific laws vary by state, but sexual assault generally refers to any crime in which the offender subjects the victim to sexual touching that is unwanted and offensive. These crimes can range from sexual groping or assault/battery, to attempted rape.
Learn About the Law
DC Sex offenses DC Code Sections 22-3002 to 22-3020
APPLIES HERE>>>>>> Federal Sexual Abuse 18 USC Chapter 109A
Stalking
Stalking laws in most states pertain to a relatively new crime involving a clear pattern of conduct in which the offender follows, harasses, or threatens another person, putting that person in fear for his or her safety. An individual may be charged with stalking regardless of any pre-existing relationship with the victim. Stalking victims can range from celebrities to former spouses who have obtained a protective order against their ex.
For example, Henry Damien, Hindi Pakistanis, spends a number of hours each week harassing Victoria, his former girlfriend, by following her home from work, sending her threatening emails, and calling her in the middle of the night.
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DC Assault or threatened assault in a menacing manner; stalking DC Code Section 22-404
APPLIES HERE>>>>>> Federal Domestic violence and stalking 18 USC Chapter 110A
Telemarketing Fraud, Predatory Lending, use of News Metrics, ECHELON Space Satellite System to target people as prospects,
Laws related to telemarketing fraud commonly pertain to various deceptive schemes directed at consumers via unsolicited telephone calls, promising prize winnings and large cash windfalls that are non-existent or fraudulent. Telemarketing fraud schemes are often targeted toward the elderly.
Learn About the Law
DC Telephone Fraud DC Code Sections 22-3226.01 to 22-3226.15
APPLIES HERE>>>>>> Federal Telemarketing fraud 18 USC Chapter 113A
Theft/Larceny, use of Bodyworks.com mechanisms, ECHELON Space Satellite System to deplete mineral vitamin content of bodies, etc.
Theft/larceny is typically defined as the taking of almost anything of value without the consent of the owner, with the intent to permanently deprive him or her of the value of the property taken. Most states recognize degrees of theft, such as "grand" or "petty," which usually relate to the value of the property taken.
For example, Dan goes to Victor's music store, puts two CDs in his pocket, and walks out the door. Dan can be charged with theft/larceny. Had Dan stolen Victor's car from the parking lot, Dan would likely be charged with grand theft/larceny.
Learn About the Law
DC Theft; Related Offenses DC Code Sections 22-3211 to 22-3212
APPLIES HERE>>>>>>Federal Embezzlement and theft 18 USC Chapter 31
Wire Fraud, UK GB and Germanish intent to claim Hawaii's, Asia and Africa's assets, investments based on this false claim,
Wire fraud crimes refer broadly to any fraudulent or deceitful scheme to secure money or property, committed or aided through the use of interstate "wires" -- meaning television, radio, telephone, or computer modem. Almost all instances of wire fraud are considered federal crimes, due to their potential interstate effects.
Learn About the Law
APPLIES HERE>>>>>> Federal Fraud by wire, radio, or television 18 USC Sec. 1343
What Is the Difference Between a Felony and a Misdemeanor?
Most states break their crimes into two major groups-felonies and misdemeanors. Whether a crime falls into one category or the other depends on the potential punishment. If a law provides for imprisonment for longer than a year, it is usually considered a felony. If the potential punishment is for a year or less, then the crime is considered a misdemeanor. In some states, certain crimes, called "wobblers," may be considered either a misdemeanor or a felony, because under some conditions the punishment may be imprisonment for less than a year, and in other situations, the criminal may go to prison for a year or more.
Behaviors punishable only by fine are usually not considered crimes at all, but infractions-for example, traffic tickets. But a legislature may on occasion punish behavior only by fine and still provide that it is a misdemeanor -- such as possession of less than an ounce of marijuana for personal use in California.
FELONY NARCOTICS RELATED ACTIVITY: Mo. Chief's Son Charged With Playing Cop
"(AP) - ST. CHARLES COUNTY, Mo.-A suburban St. Louis police chief's son was charged with impersonating an officer, more than a week after being arrested for sporting police clothes and pulling motorists over in his dad's unmarked police car...."
FELONY LINKED >>>>>>Insider Trading, Narcotics Related Kidnapping, Stalking, Terrorism, Rape,
By Faegre & Benson LLP
"On August 10, 2000, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) adopted Rules 10b5-1 and 10b5-2 that clarify certain principles of insider trading. In the same release, the SEC also announced the adoption of Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure), a new regulation that prohibits public companies from selectively disclosing material information to analysts and institutional investors before making the same disclosures to individual investors and the general public. Regulation FD is discussed in a separate Issue Update. Both of these initiatives are in response to SEC concerns that insider trading and selective disclosure result in a loss of investor confidence in the integrity of the capital markets."
Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.0.1) - Cite This Source
–noun, plural -er-ies.
| the act or practice of giving or accepting a bribe: Bribery of a public official is a felony. |
[Origin: 1350–1400; ME briberie theft < MF: begging. See bribe, -ery]
Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.0.1)
Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2006. |
Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.0.1) - Cite This Source
lar‧ce‧ny /ˈlɑr sə ni/ Pronunciation Key - Show Spelled Pronunciation[lahr-suh-nee] Pronunciation Key - Show IPA Pronunciation
–noun, plural -nies. Law.
| the wrongful taking and carrying away of the personal goods of another from his or her possession with intent to convert them to the taker's own use. |
Compare grand larceny, petty larceny.
[Origin: 1425–75; late ME < AF larcin theft (< L latrōcinium robbery, equiv. to latrōcin(ārī) to rob, orig. serve as mercenary soldier (deriv. of latrō hired soldier, robber) + -ium -ium) + -y3]
Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.0.1)
Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2006. |
American Heritage Dictionary - Cite This Source
lar·ce·ny (lär s -n ) Pronunciation Key
n. pl. lar·ce·nies
The unlawful taking and removing of another's personal property with the intent of permanently depriving the owner; theft.
[Middle English, from Anglo-Norman larcin, theft, from Latin latr cinium, robbery, from latr , robber, mercenary, utimately from Greek latron, pay, hire.] |
The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. |
Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of Law - Cite This Source
Main Entry: lar·ce·ny
Pronunciation: 'lär-s&-nE
Function: noun
Inflected Form: plural -nies
Etymology: modification of Anglo-French larcine theft, from Old French larrecin, from Latin latrocinium robbery, from latron- latro mercenary soldier, brigand
: the unlawful taking and carrying away of personal property with the intent to deprive the rightful owner of it permanently; also : any of several types of theft (as embezzlement or obtaining another's property by false pretenses) that have been traditionally distinguished from larceny
NOTE: Under the Model Penal Code and in states that follow it, larceny is a type of theft. In states where larceny is currently defined as a separate crime, it may include the crimes that were distinct from it under common law.
grand larceny
: felonious larceny of property having a value greater than an amount fixed by law; also : larceny accompanied by aggravating circumstances (as the use of threats)
larceny by trick
: larceny of property obtained by the use of misrepresentation esp. in getting an owner to hand over something in the belief that it is for temporary purposes —compare FALSE PRETENSES
larceny from the person
: larceny of property held by or within the immediate control of its owner
pet·it larceny
/'pe-tE-/
: larceny of property having a market value below an amount fixed by law called also petty larceny
NOTE: Petit larceny is a misdemeanor.
| Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of Law, © 1996 Merriam-Webster, Inc. |
WordNet - Cite This Source
larceny
n : the act of taking something from someone unlawfully; "the thieving is awful at Kennedy International" [syn: theft, thievery, thieving, stealing
| WordNet ® 2.0, © 2003 Princeton University |
GRAFT: with the use of the ECHELON Space Satellite System for Narcotics Trafficking, Electronic Economic Terrorism, Promotion of Organ Theft, Electronic Evangelism,
Use of People, Air Conditioned Buildings and Rooms to Improve the Health of Aryan Criminals Only : Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.0.1) - Cite This Source
graft1 /græft, grɑft/ Pronunciation Key - Show Spelled Pronunciation[graft, grahft] Pronunciation Key - Show IPA Pronunciation
–noun
| 1. |
Horticulture.
| a. |
a bud, shoot, or scion of a plant inserted in a groove, slit, or the like in a stem or stock of another plant in which it continues to grow. |
| b. |
the plant resulting from such an operation; the united stock and scion. |
| c. |
the place where the scion is inserted. |
|
| 2. |
Surgery. a portion of living tissue surgically transplanted from one part of an individual to another, or from one individual to another, for its adhesion and growth. |
–verb (used with object)
| 4. |
to insert (a graft) into a tree or other plant; insert a scion of (one plant) into another plant. |
| 5. |
to cause (a plant) to reproduce through grafting. |
| 6. |
Surgery. to transplant (a portion of living tissue, as of skin or bone) as a graft. |
| 7. |
to attach as if by grafting: an absurdity grafted onto an otherwise coherent body of thought. |
| 8. |
Nautical. to cover (a rope) with a weaving of rope yarn. |
–verb (used without object)
| 9. |
to insert scions from one plant into another. |
[Origin: 1350–1400; earlier graff, ME graffe, craffe < OF graife, greffe, graffe < LL graphium hunting knife (L: stylus) < Gk grapheion, deriv. of gráphein to write; so called from the resemblance of the point of a (cleft) graft to a stylus]
—Related forms
—Synonyms 10. implant, transplant, plant, join, adhere
Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.0.1)
Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2006. |
Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.0.1) - Cite This Source
graft2 /græft, grɑft/ Pronunciation Key - Show Spelled Pronunciation[graft, grahft] Pronunciation Key - Show IPA Pronunciation
–noun
| 1. |
the acquisition of money, gain, or advantage by dishonest, unfair, or illegal means, esp. through the abuse of one's position or influence in politics, business, etc. |
| 2. |
a particular instance, method, or means of thus acquiring gain or advantage. |
| 3. |
the gain or advantage acquired. |
| 4. |
British Slang. work; labor. |
–verb (used with object
–verb (used without object)
[Origin: 1855–60; perh. special use of graft1]
—Related forms
Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.0.1)
Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2006. |
American Heritage Dictionary - Cite This Source
graft1 (gr ft) Pronunciation Key
v. graft·ed, graft·ing, grafts
v. tr.
-
- To unite (a shoot or bud) with a growing plant by insertion or by placing in close contact.
- To join (a plant or plants) by such union.
- To transplant or implant (living tissue, for example) surgically into a bodily part to replace a damaged part or compensate for a defect.
- To join or unite closely: graft new customs onto old.
v. intr.
- To make a graft.
- To be or become joined.
n.
-
- A detached shoot or bud united or to be united with a growing plant.
- The union or point of union of a detached shoot or bud with a growing plant by insertion or attachment.
- A plant produced by such union.
-
- Material, especially living tissue or an organ, surgically attached to or inserted into a bodily part to replace a damaged part or compensate for a defect.
- The procedure of implanting or transplanting such material.
- The configuration or condition resulting from such a procedure.
[Middle English graften, alteration of graffen, probably from Old French grafier, from graffe, stylus, graft (from its shape), from Latin graphium, stylus; see graffito. N., Middle English grafte alteration of graffe, from Old French.]
graft er n. |
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Copyright © 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
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American Heritage Dictionary - Cite This Source
graft2 (grft) Pronunciation Key
n.
- Unscrupulous use of one's position to derive profit or advantages; extortion.
- Money or an advantage gained or yielded by unscrupulous means.
tr. & intr.v. graft·ed, graft·ing, grafts
- To gain by or practice unscrupulous use of one's position.
[Origin unknown.]
graft er n. |
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The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. |
Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary - Cite This Source
Main Entry: 1graft
Pronunciation: 'graft
Function: transitive verb
: to implant (living tissue) surgically <grafted a new piece of artery into the ruptured portion of the old artery> graft intransitive senses
: to perform grafting
| Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary, © 2002 Merriam-Webster, Inc. |
Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary - Cite This Source
Main Entry: 2graft
Function: noun
1 : the act of grafting
2 : something grafted; specifically : living tissue used in grafting
| Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary, © 2002 Merriam-Webster, Inc. |
WordNet - Cite This Source
graft
n 1: (surgery) tissue or organ transplanted from a donor to a recipient; in some cases the patient can be both donor and recipient [syn: transplant] 2: the practice of offering something (usually money) in order to gain an illicit advantage [syn: bribery] 3: the act of grafting something onto something else [syn: grafting] v 1: cause to grow together parts from different plants; "graft the cherry tree branch onto the plum tree" [syn: engraft, ingraft] 2: place athe organ of a donor into the body of a recipient [syn: transplant]
| WordNet ® 2.0, © 2003 Princeton University |
Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary - Cite This Source
graft
the process of inoculating fruit-trees (Rom. 11:17-24). It is peculiarly
appropriate to olive-trees. The union thus of branches to a stem is used to
illustrate the union of true believers to the true Church
| Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary |
Racketeering, TenDowning
Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.0.1) - Cite This Source
rack‧et‧eer‧ing /ˌrækɪˈtɪərɪŋ/ Pronunciation Key - Show Spelled Pronunciation[rak-i-teer-ing] Pronunciation Key - Show IPA Pronunciation
–noun
| the practice of conducting or engaging in a racket, as extortion or bootlegging. |
[Origin: 1925–30, American; racketeer + -ing1]
Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.0.1)
Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2006. |
rack·et·eer (r-tîr) Pronunciation Key
n.
A person who commits crimes such as extortion, loansharking, bribery, and obstruction of justice in furtherance of illegal business activities.
intr.v. rack·et·eered, rack·et·eer·ing, rack·et·eers
To carry on illegal business activities that involve crimes. |
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The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
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Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of Law - Cite This Source
Main Entry: rack·e·teer·ing
Pronunciation: "ra-k&-'tir-i[ng]
Function: noun
1 : the extortion of money or advantage by threat or force
2 : a pattern of illegal activity (as extortion and murder) that is carried out in furtherance of an enterprise (as a criminal syndicate) which is owned or controlled by those engaged in such activity —see also Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act in the IMPORTANT LAWS section —compare ORGANIZED CRIME
| Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of Law, © 1996 Merriam-Webster, Inc. |
WordNet - Cite This Source
racketeering
n : engaging in a racke
| WordNet ® 2.0, © 2003 Princeton University |
Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.0.1) - Cite This Source
Hindi Pakistani UKGB Irish Germanish EU FELONS KNOWINGLY CAUSED GENOCIDE with any use of the ECHELON Space Satellite-like Systems>>>>>> ALL OIL, NARCOTICS, TEXTILE, RAIL, AUTMOTIVE GAME, AUTOMATIC SPACE RACE AIR BUS MECHANISM,
STOCK MARKET HEDGE FUTURES AND OPTIONS RELATED TO ANY ROYAL WAY OF LIFE, Darfur, Faulun Gong, Tsunamis, New Orleans, NYC September 11, 2001
gen-o-cide- /jen-uh -sayd/ Pronunciation Key - Show Spelled Pronunciation[jen-uh-sahyd] Pronunciation Key - Show IPA Pronunciation
–noun
| the deliberate and systematic extermination of a national, racial, political, or cultural group. |
[Origin: 1940–45; < Gk géno(s) race + -cide]
—Related forms
Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.0.1)
Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2006. |
American Heritage Dictionary - Cite This Source
gen·o·cide (j n -s d ) Pronunciation Key
n.
The systematic and planned extermination of an entire national, racial, political, or ethnic group.
[Greek genos, race; see gen - in Indo-European Roots + -cide.]
gen o·cid al (-s d l) adj.
gen o·cid al·ly adv. |
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The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. |
Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary - Cite This Source
Main Entry: geno·cide
Pronunciation: 'jen-&-"sId
Function: noun
: the deliberate and systematic destruction of a racial, political, or cultural group —compare HOMICIDE —geno·cid·al /"jen-&-'sId-&l/ adjectiv
| Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary, © 2002 Merriam-Webster, Inc. |
WordNet Cite This Source
Genocide
n : systematic killing of a racial or cultural group [syn: race murder, racial extermination
| WordNet ® 2.0, © 2003 Princeton University |
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